A clinometer is built into a turn and slip indicator and a turn coordinator to show the relationship between the rate of turn and the angle of bank used to make the turn.
clock (electronic equipment). A pulse generator in a piece of electronic equipment used to synchronize the timing of switching circuits. In a digital computer, the clock determines the speed of the CPU.
clockwise rotation. Rotation of an object in the same direction the hands of a clock move.
closed angle (sheet metal fabrication). An angle formed in sheet metal which has been bent through more than 90°.
When a piece of sheet metal is bent through 135°, it forms a closed angle of 45°.
closed assembly time. The time elapsing between the assembly of glued joints and the application of pressure.
closed-center hydraulic system. A hydraulic system in which the selector valves are installed in parallel with each other. When no unit is being actuated, fluid circulates from the pump back to the reservoir
without flowing through any of the selector valves.
closed-center selector valve. A type of flow-control valve used to direct pressurized fluid into one side of an actuator, and at the same time, direct the return fluid from the other side of the actuator to the fluid reservoir.
Closed-center selector valves are connected in parallel between the pressure manifold and the return manifold.
closed-circuit voltage. The voltage of an electrical circuit, measured when a load is connected and current is flowing.
closed-loop control. A type of control in which part of the output is fed back to the input. This allows the input to continually compare the command signals with the output, showing the extent to which the commands have been complied with.
closed runway. A runway that is unusable for aircraft operations.
closed traffic. Successive operations involving takeoffs and landings or low approaches where the aircraft does not exit the traffic pattern.
close-grain wood. Wood in which the annual rings are small and close together. In close-grain wood there is very little difference in the texture of the spring wood and the summer wood, the light and dark stripes in the wood.
close parallels (airport configuration). Two parallel runways whose extended center lines are separated by at least 3,400 feet, but less than 4,300 feet. Precision runway monitoring (PRM) systems are available that permit simultaneous independent ILS approaches.
close-quarter iron. A small hand-held iron with an accurately calibrated thermostat. This iron is used for heat-shrinking polyester fabrics in areas that would be difficult to work with a large iron.
close-tolerance bolt. A special bolt used in aircraft construction in which the shank is ground to a tolerance of +0.000, -0.0005 inch. Close-tolerance bolts are identified by a triangle around the mark on the bolt head that identifies the material of which the bolt is made. The shank of a close-tolerance bolt is not cadmium plated, but it is kept from rusting by a coating of wax or grease.
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