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直升機(jī)飛行教員手冊 Helicopter Flight Instructor Manual

時(shí)間：2012-06-08 09:45來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次

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Select a suitable approach angle (sight picture).
Initiate the approach by reducing power and commencing a progressive decrease in airspeed.
Maintain the approach angle with the collective.
Establish the apparent ground speed (a fast walking pace), and maintain it with the cyclic.
Anticipate the loss of translational lift.
Establish a hover over the selected spot. Prevent yaw or sideways drift.
Describe overshoot procedures as appropriate to type and local conditions.
Explain that wind velocity will significantly affect helicopter performance and handling characteristics, as appropriate to type.
Students should be encouraged to overshoot if the rate of descent is high and the airspeed is low.
AIR EXERCISE
Demonstrate flap-back and a transition from the hover to the climb.
Student practice
Demonstrate a transition to the hover, showing the visual cues of a constant approach angle and the correct rate of closure.
Student practice
Demonstrate overshoot procedures. Student practice
TIPS FOR INSTRUCTORS
The concept of making an approach at a constant angle and at a progressively decreasing ground speed can be difficult one for the student pilot to grasp. The use of perspective diagrams in pre-flight briefing is essential.
The instructor should be prepared for the fact that, in the early stages, the student will almost certainly fail to anticipate the amount of power required when translational lift is lost coming to the hover. This will often lead to undershooting.
Another problem resulting from point 2 is underestimation of the pedal requirements. Explain that the greater the power required to establish the hover, the greater the pedal movement required to keep the helicopter straight, and this can be corrected only by using an outside reference.
Emphasise the need to assess the approach in relation to the groundspeed and sight picture. This can be accomplished only by looking outside the helicopter, with an occasional cross-check of the instruments.

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