時間：2011-04-18 00:52來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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TBL 7.2.2 Lowest Flight Level Correction Factor Altimeter Setting Correction Factor 29.92 or higher none 29.91 to 29.42 500 feet 29.41 to 28.92 1000 feet 28.91 to 28.42 1500 feet 28.41 to 27.92 2000 feet 27.91 to 27.42 2500 feet EXAMPLE. The minimum safe altitude of a route is 19,000 feet MSL and the altimeter setting is reported between 29.92 and 29.42 inches of mercury, the lowest usable flight level will be 195, which is the flight level equivalent of 19,500 feet MSL (minimum altitude plus 500 feet). 7.2.2 Altimeter Setting Procedures 7.2.3. Altimeter Errors a. Most pressure altimeters are subject to mechanical, elastic, temperature, and installation errors. (Detailed information regarding the use of pressure altimeters is found in the Instrument Flying Handbook, Chapter IV.) Although manufacturing and installation specifications, as well as the periodic test and inspections required by regulations (14 CFR Part 43, Appendix E), act to reduce these errors, any scale error may be observed in the following manner: 1.Set the current reported altimeter setting on the altimeter setting scale. 2.Altimeter should now read field elevation if you are located on the same reference level used to establish the altimeter setting. 3.Note the variation between the known field elevation and the altimeter indication. If this variation is in the order of plus or minus 75 feet, the accuracy of the altimeter is questionable and the problem should be referred to an appropriately rated repair station for evaluation and possible correction. b.Once in flight, it is very important to obtain frequently current altimeter settings en route. If you do not reset your altimeter when flying from an area of high pressure into an area of low pressure, your aircraft will be closer to the surface than your altimeter indicates. An inch error in the altimeter setting equals 1,000 feet of altitude. To quote an old saying: “GOING FROM A HIGH TO A LOW, LOOK OUT BELOW.” c.Temperature also has an effect on the accuracy of altimeters and your altitude. The crucial values to consider are standard temperature versus the ambient (at altitude) temperature. It is this “difference” that causes the error in indicated altitude. When the air is warmer than standard, you are higher than your altimeter indicates. Subsequently, when the air is colder than standard you are lower than indicated. It is the magnitude of this “difference” that determines the magnitude of the error. When flying into a cooler air mass while maintaining a constant indicated altitude, you are losing true altitude. However, flying into a cooler air mass does not necessarily mean you will be lower than indicated if the difference is still on the plus side. For example, while flying at 10,000 feet (where STANDARD temperature is .5 degrees Celsius (C)), the outside air temperature cools from +5 degrees C to 0 degrees C, the temperature error will nevertheless cause the aircraft to be HIGHER than indicated. It is the extreme “cold” difference that normally would be of concern to the pilot. Also, when flying in cold conditions over mountainous country, the pilot should exercise caution in flight planning both in regard to route and altitude to ensure adequate en route and terminal area terrain clearance. d. TBL 7.2.3, derived from ICAO formulas, indicates how much error can exist when the temperature is extremely cold. To use the table, find the reported temperature in the left column, then read across the top row to locate the height above the airport/reporting station (i.e., subtract the airport/ reporting elevation from the intended flight altitude). The intersection of the column and row is how much lower the aircraft may actually be as a result of the possible cold temperature induced error. e.The possible result of the above example should be obvious, particularly if operating at the minimum altitude or when conducting an instrument approach. When operating in extreme cold temperatures, pilots may wish to compensate for the reduction in terrain clearance by adding a cold temperature correction. Altimeter Setting Procedures 7.2.3 TBL 7.2.3 ICAO Cold Temperature Error Table Height Above Airport in Feet Reported Temp 0C 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 +10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 40 60 80 90 0 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 90 120 170 230 280 .10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 290 390 490 .20 30 50 60 70 90 100 120 130 140 210 280 420 570 710 .30 40 60 80 100 120 140 150 170 190 280 380 570 760 950 .40 50 80 100 120 150 170 190 220 240 360 480 720 970 1210 .50 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 450 590 890 1190 1500 EXAMPLE. Temperature.10 degrees Celsius, and the aircraft altitude is 1,000 feet above the airport elevation. The chart shows that the reported current altimeter setting may place the aircraft as much as 100 feet below the altitude indicated by the altimeter. 7.2.4. High Barometric Pressure a. Cold, dry air masses may produce barometric pressures in excess of 31.00 inches of Mercury, and many altimeters do not have an accurate means of being adjusted for settings of these levels. When the altimeter cannot be set to the higher pressure setting, the aircraft actual altitude will be higher than the altimeter indicates. REFERENCE. AIM, Paragraph 7.2.3, Altimeter Errors. b. When the barometric pressure exceeds 31.00 inches, air traffic controllers will issue the actual altimeter setting, and: |
