4.  For diversion decision-making, the roles and responsibilities of all concerned for providing airplane systems capability information to dispatch and flight crew in order to aid the PIC.

5.  Flight crew training in the use of the cold weather anti-exposure suit.

6.  In flight radiation exposure training crews are to be aware of contents of Aircraft 120-52. Radiation exposure of Air carrier crew members, and provide crew member training as stated in Ac 120-61, crew member training on In-flight radiation Exposure.

Issue I 28.08.2007  Rev.0

極地運(yùn)行手冊 POLAR OPERATIONS MANUAL 

CHAPTER 15 GRID NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING PAGE 15-1
15. GRID NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING
15.1 Need for Plotting Airplane Position
Polar routes lie beyond the coverage of ground based Radio Navigation facilities that are regularly used by airplane systems for navigation. The aircraft is fully dependent on GPS and IRS for navigation in the polar areas. Experience has shown that there is a need to keep a track of the airplanes progress to avoid overdependence on automation as also to avoid Gross Navigation Errors (GNE) due to wrong feeding of coordinates in the FMS.
Like in the NAT MNPS airspace, on polar flights also the crew must plot airplane position every ten minutes on a suitable plotting chart preferably a Polar stereographic chart (Jeppessen) or a Transverse Mercator Plotting chart that covers the route adequately.

15.2 Plotting Airplane Position
The crew must take the most accurate FMC position and note the time and coordinates and plot these to ensure that the airplane is following the track correctly. This would also ensure that the crew can rely on an accurate airplane position to navigate by plotting in case of any major failure of the FMS.
Both the charts mentioned above are orthomorphic (bearings are correctly depicted) and nearly equal area ie scale is nearly constant and correct. A Great Circle is almost a Straight line hence any line joining two places can be taken to be a great circle track. Distances measured along meridians would be fairly correct since they would cater for the scale expansion away from the pole.