時間：2011-04-18 00:47來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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3.Civil and military transponders should be adjusted to the “on” or normal operating position as late as practicable prior to takeoff and to “off” or “standby” as soon as practicable after completing landing roll, unless the change to “standby” has been accomplished previously at the request of ATC. IN ALL CASES, WHILE IN CONTROLLED AIR-SPACE EACH PILOT OPERATING AN AIRCRAFT EQUIPPED WITH AN OPERABLE ATC TRANSPONDER MAINTAINED IN AC-CORDANCE WITH 14 CFR SECTION 91.413 SHALL OPERATE THE TRANSPONDER, IN-CLUDING MODE C IF INSTALLED, ON THE APPROPRIATE CODE OR AS ASSIGNED BY ATC. IN CLASS G AIRSPACE, THE TRANS-PONDER SHOULD BE OPERATING WHILE AIRBORNE UNLESS OTHERWISE RE-QUESTED BY ATC. 4.A pilot on an IFR flight who elects to cancel the IFR flight plan prior to reaching destination, should adjust the transponder according to VFR operations. 5.If entering a U.S. OFFSHORE AIRSPACE AREA from outside the U.S., the pilot should advise on first radio contact with a U.S. radar ATC facility that such equipment is available by adding “transponder” to the aircraft identification. AIM 6.It should be noted by all users of ATC transponders that the coverage they can expect is limited to “line of sight.” Low altitude or aircraft antenna shielding by the aircraft itself may result in reduced range. Range can be improved by climbing to a higher altitude. It may be possible to minimize antenna shielding by locating the antenna where dead spots are only noticed during abnormal flight attitudes. 7.If operating at an airport with Airport Surface Detection Equipment . Model X (ASDE.X), transponders should be transmitting “on” with altitude reporting continuously while moving on the airport surface if so equipped. b. Transponder Code Designation 1. For ATC to utilize one or a combination of the 4096 discrete codes FOUR DIGIT CODE DES-IGNATION will be used, e.g., code 2100 will be expressed as TWO ONE ZERO ZERO. Due to the operational characteristics of the rapidly expanding automated ATC system, THE LAST TWO DIGITS OF THE SELECTED TRANSPONDER CODE SHOULD ALWAYS READ “00” UNLESS SPECIF-ICALLY REQUESTED BY ATC TO BE OTHERWISE. c. Automatic Altitude Reporting (Mode C)1. Some transponders are equipped with a Mode C automatic altitude reporting capability. This system converts aircraft altitude in 100 foot increments to coded digital information which is transmitted together with Mode C framing pulses to the interrogating radar facility. The manner in which transponder panels are designed differs, therefore, a pilot should be thoroughly familiar with the operation of the transponder so that ATC may realize its full capabilities. 2.Adjust transponder to reply on the Mode A/3 code specified by ATC and, if equipped, to reply on Mode C with altitude reporting capability activated unless deactivation is directed by ATC or unless the installed aircraft equipment has not been tested and calibrated as required by 14 CFR Section 91.217. If deactivation is required by ATC, turn off the altitude reporting feature of your transponder. An instruction by ATC to “STOP ALTITUDE SQUAWK, ALTI-TUDE DIFFERS (number of feet) FEET,” may be an indication that your transponder is transmitting incorrect altitude information or that you have an incorrect altimeter setting. While an incorrect Services Available to Pilots 4.1.15 altimeter setting has no effect on the Mode C altitude information transmitted by your transponder (trans-ponders are preset at 29.92), it would cause you to fly at an actual altitude different from your assigned altitude. When a controller indicates that an altitude readout is invalid, the pilot should initiate a check to verify that the aircraft altimeter is set correctly. 3. Pilots of aircraft with operating Mode C altitude reporting transponders should report exact altitude or flight level to the nearest hundred foot increment when establishing initial contact with an ATC facility. Exact altitude or flight level reports on initial contact provide ATC with information that is required prior to using Mode C altitude information for separation purposes. This will significantly reduce altitude verification requests. d. Transponder IDENT Feature 1. The transponder shall be operated only as specified by ATC. Activate the “IDENT” feature only upon request of the ATC controller. e. Code Changes 1.When making routine code changes, pilots should avoid inadvertent selection of Codes 7500, 7600 or 7700 thereby causing momentary false alarms at automated ground facilities. For example, when switching from Code 2700 to Code 7200, switch first to 2200 then to 7200, NOT to 7700 and then 7200. This procedure applies to nondiscrete Code 7500 and all discrete codes in the 7600 and 7700 series (i.e., 7600.7677, 7700.7777) which will trigger special indicators in automated facilities. Only nondiscrete Code 7500 will be decoded as the hijack code. 2.Under no circumstances should a pilot of a civil aircraft operate the transponder on Code 7777. This code is reserved for military interceptor operations. 3.Military pilots operating VFR or IFR within restricted/warning areas should adjust their trans-ponders to Code 4000 unless another code has been assigned by ATC. f. Mode C Transponder Requirements 1. Specific details concerning requirements to carry and operate Mode C transponders, as well as exceptions and ATC authorized deviations from the requirements are found in 14 CFR Section 91.215 and 14 CFR Section 99.12. 2. In general, the CFRs require aircraft to be equipped with Mode C transponders when operating: (a)At or above 10,000 feet MSL over the 48 contiguous states or the District of Columbia, excluding that airspace below 2,500 feet AGL; (b)Within 30 miles of a Class B airspace primary airport, below 10,000 feet MSL. Balloons, gliders, and aircraft not equipped with an engine driven electrical system are excepted from the above requirements when operating below the floor of Class A airspace and/or; outside of a Class B airspace and below the ceiling of the Class B airspace (or 10,000 feet MSL, whichever is lower); (c)Within and above all Class C airspace, up to 10,000 feet MSL; (d) |
