時間：2011-04-18 00:50來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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3.When an aural or a light panel indication is used to determine the time passing a reporting point, such as a fan marker, Z marker, cone of silence or intersection of range courses, the time should be noted when the signal is first received and again when it ceases. The mean of these two times should then be taken as the actual time over the fix. 4.If a position is given with respect to distance and direction from a reporting point, the distance and direction should be computed as accurately as possible. 5.Except for terminal area transition purposes, position reports or navigation with reference to aids not established for use in the structure in which flight is being conducted will not normally be required by ATC. b. Position Reporting Points. CFRs require pilots to maintain a listening watch on the appropriate frequency and, unless operating under the provisions of subparagraph c, to furnish position reports passing AIM certain reporting points. Reporting points are indicated by symbols on en route charts. The designated compulsory reporting point symbol is a solid triangle and the “on request” reporting point symbol is the open triangle . Reports passing an “on request” reporting point are only necessary when requested by ATC. c.Position Reporting Requirements. 1.Flights along airways or routes. A position report is required by all flights regardless of altitude, including those operating in accordance with an ATC clearance specifying “VFR.on.top,” over each designated compulsory reporting point along the route being flown. 2.Flights Along a Direct Route. Regardless of the altitude or flight level being flown, including flights operating in accordance with an ATC clearance specifying “VFR.on.top,” pilots shall report over each reporting point used in the flight plan to define the route of flight. 3.Flights in a Radar Environment. When informed by ATC that their aircraft are in “Radar Contact,” pilots should discontinue position reports over designated reporting points. They should resume normal position reporting when ATC advises “RADAR CONTACT LOST” or “RADAR SERVICE TERMINATED.” NOTE. ATC will inform pilots that they are in “radar contact”: (a) when their aircraft is initially identified in the ATC system; and (b) when radar identification is reestablished after radar service has been terminated or radar contact lost. Subsequent to being advised that the controller has established radar contact, this fact will not be repeated to the pilot when handed off to another controller. At times, the aircraft identity will be confirmed by the receiving controller; however, this should not be construed to mean that radar contact has been lost. The identity of transponder equipped aircraft will be confirmed by asking the pilot to “ident,” “squawk standby,” or to change codes. Aircraft without transponders will be advised of their position to confirm identity. In this case, the pilot is expected to advise the controller if in disagreement with the position given. Any pilot who cannot confirm the accuracy of the position given because of not being tuned to the NAVAID referenced by the controller, should ask for another radar position relative to the tuned in NAVAID. En Route Procedures 5.3.3 d. Position Report Items: 1. Position reports should include the follow-ing items: (a)Identification; (b)Position; (c)Time; (d)Altitude or flight level (include actual altitude or flight level when operating on a clearance specifying VFR.on.top); (e)Type of flight plan (not required in IFR position reports made directly to ARTCCs or approach control); (f) ETA and name of next reporting point; (g)The name only of the next succeeding reporting point along the route of flight; and (h) Pertinent remarks. 5.3.3. Additional Reports a. The following reports should be made to ATC or FSS facilities without a specific ATC request: 1. At all times. (a)When vacating any previously assigned altitude or flight level for a newly assigned altitude or flight level. (b)When an altitude change will be made if operating on a clearance specifying VFR.on.top. (c)When unable to climb/descend at a rate of a least 500 feet per minute. (d)When approach has been missed. (Request clearance for specific action; i.e., to alternative airport, another approach, etc.)(e)Change in the average true airspeed (at cruising altitude) when it varies by 5 percent or 10 knots (whichever is greater) from that filed in the flight plan. (f)The time and altitude or flight level upon reaching a holding fix or point to which cleared. (g)When leaving any assigned holding fix or point. NOTE. The reports in subparagraphs (f) and (g) may be omitted by pilots of aircraft involved in instrument training at military terminal area facilities when radar service is being provided. (h) Any loss, in controlled airspace, of VOR, TACAN, ADF, low frequency navigation receiver capability, GPS anomalies while using installed IFR.certified GPS/GNSS receivers, complete or partial loss of ILS receiver capability or impairment of air/ground communications capability. Reports should include aircraft identification, equipment affected, degree to which the capability to operate under IFR in the ATC system is impaired, and the nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC. NOTE. 1.Other equipment installed in an aircraft may effectively impair safety and/or the ability to operate under IFR. If such equipment (e.g., airborne weather radar) malfunc-tions and in the pilot’s judgment either safety or IFR capabilities are affected, reports should be made as above. 2.When reporting GPS anomalies, include the location and altitude of the anomaly. Be specific when describing the location and include duration of the anomaly if necessary. (i) Any information relating to the safety of flight. 2. When not in radar contact. (a)When leaving final approach fix inbound on final approach (nonprecision approach) or when leaving the outer marker or fix used in lieu of the outer marker inbound on final approach (precision approach). |
