時間：2011-04-18 00:50來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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(a)Text: Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Special Aviation Report (SPECI); (b)Text: Pilot Weather Report (PIREP); (c)Text: Winds and Temperatures Aloft; (d)Text: Terminal Area Forecast (TAF) and amendments; (e)Text: Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) Distant and Flight Data Center; (f)Text/Graphic: Airmen’s Meteorological Conditions (AIRMET); (g)Text/Graphic: Significant Meteorologic-al Conditions (SIGMET); (h) Text/Graphic: Convective SIGMET; (i)Text/Graphic: Special Use Airspace (SUA); (j)Text/Graphic: Temporary Flight Restric-tion (TFR) NOTAM; and (k)Graphic: NEXRAD Composite Re-flectivity Products (Regional and National). 3.Users of FIS.B should familiarize them-selves with the operational characteristics and limitations of the system, including: system architec-ture; service environment; product lifecycles; modes of operation; and indications of system failure. 4.FIS.B products are updated and transmitted at specific intervals based primarily on product issuance criteria. Update intervals are defined as the rate at which the product data is available from the source for transmission. Transmission intervals are defined as the amount of time within which a new or updated product transmission must be completed and/or the rate or repetition interval at which the product is rebroadcast. Update and transmission intervals for each product are provided in TBL 7.1.1. 5.Where applicable, FIS.B products include a look.ahead range expressed in nautical miles (NM) for three service domains: Airport Surface; Terminal Airspace; and En.route/Gulf.of.Mexico (GOMEX). TBL 7.1.1 provides service domain availability and look.ahead ranging for each FIS.B product. 6.Prior to using this capability, users should familiarize themselves with the operation of FIS.B avionics by referencing the applicable User’s Guides. Guidance concerning the interpretation of informa-tion displayed should be obtained from the appropriate avionics manufacturer. 7.FIS.B malfunctions not attributed to aircraft system failures or covered by active NOTAM should be reported by radio or telephone to the nearest FSS facility. Malfunctions may also be reported by submitting FAA Form 8740.5, Safety Improvement Report via mail, fax, or email to your local Flight District Standards Office, Safety Program Manager. Meteorology 7.1.23 TBL 7.1.1 Product Update Interval Transmission Interval Service Domain and Look-ahead Range (NM)AIRMET As Available 5 minutes 100 (Airport Surface), 500 (Terminal, Enroute/ GOMEX)SIGMET & Convective SIGMET As Available, then at 15 minute intervals for 1 hour 5 minutes 100 (Airport Surface), 500 (Terminal, Enroute/ GOMEX) METAR/SPECI 1 minute (where avail-able), As Available other-wise 5 minute 100 (Airport Surface), 500 (Terminal, Enroute/ GOMEX)NEXRAD Composite Reflectivity (National) ~5 minutes precipitation mode 10 minutes for clear air mode 15 minutes CONUS NEXRAD Composite Reflectivity (Regional) ~5 minutes precipitation mode 10 minutes for clear air mode 2.5 minutes 250 NOTAM (D) / FDC (including TFR) As Available 10 minutes 100 PIREP As Available 10 minutes N/A (Airport Surface), 500 (Terminal, Enroute/ GOMEX)SUA As Available 10 minutes N/A (Airport Surface), 500 (Terminal, Enroute/ GOMEX)TAF/AMEND 8 Hours 10 minutes 100 (Airport Surface), 500 (Terminal, Enroute/ GOMEX)Winds & Temperatures Aloft 12 Hours 10 minutes 1,000 e. Non.FAA FISDL Systems. Several commer-cial vendors also provide customers with FIS data over both the aeronautical spectrum and on other frequencies using a variety of data link protocols. In some cases, the vendors provide only the commu-nications system that carries customer messages, such as the Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) used by many air carrier and other operators. 1. Operators using non.FAA FIS data for inflight weather and other operational information should ensure that the products used conform to FAA/NWS standards. Specifically, aviation weather and NAS status information should meet the following criteria: 7.1.24 Meteorology (a)The products should be either FAA/NWS “accepted” aviation weather reports or products, or based on FAA/NWS accepted aviation weather reports or products. If products are used which do not meet this criteria, they should be so identified. The operator must determine the applicability of such products to their particular flight operations. (b)In the case of a weather product which is the result of the application of a process which alters the form, function or content of the base FAA/NWS accepted weather product(s), that process, and any limitations to the application of the resultant product, should be described in the vendor’s user guidance material. 2. An example would be a NEXRAD radar composite/mosaic map, which has been modified by changing the scaling resolution. The methodology of assigning reflectivity values to the resultant image components should be described in the vendor’s guidance material to ensure that the user can accurately interpret the displayed data. 7.1.12. Weather Observing Programs a.Manual Observations. With only a few exceptions, these reports are from airport locations staffed by FAA or NWS personnel who manually observe, perform calculations, and enter these observations into the (WMSCR) communication system. The format and coding of these observations are contained in paragraph 7.1.30, Key to Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) and Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF). |
