時間：2011-04-18 00:50來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次
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AIRMET Tango describes moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds of 30 knots or greater, and/or nonconvective low.level wind shear. (c)AIRMET Zulu describes moderate icing and provides freezing level heights. EXAMPLE. Example of AIRMET Sierra issued for the Chicago FA area: CHIS WA 121345 AIRMET SIERRA UPDT 3 FOR IFR AND MTN OBSCN VALID UNTIL 122000. AIRMET IFR...SD NE MN IA MO WI LM MI IL IN KY FROM 70NW RAP TO 50W RWF TO 50W MSN TO GRB TO MBS TO FWA TO CVG TO HNN TO TRI TO ARG TO 40SSW BRL TO OMA TO BFF TO 70NW RAP OCNL CIG BLW 010/VIS BLW 3SM FG/BR. CONDS ENDG 15Z.17Z. AIRMET MTN OBSCN...KY TN FROM HNN TO TRI TO CHA TO LOZ TO HNN MTNS OCNL OBSC CLDS/PCPN/BR. CONDS ENDG TN PTN AREA 18Z. 20Z..CONTG KY BYD 20Z..ENDG 02Z. EXAMPLE. Example of AIRMET Tango issued for the Salt Lake City FA area: SLCT WA 121345 AIRMET TANGO UPDT 2 FOR TURB VALID UNTIL 122000. AIRMET TURB...NV UT CO AZ NM FROM LKV TO CHE TO ELP TO 60S TUS TO YUM TO EED TO RNO TO LKV OCNL MOD TURB BLW FL180 DUE TO MOD SWLY/WLY WNDS. CONDS CONTG BYD 20Z THRU 02Z. AIRMET TURB...NV WA OR CA CSTL WTRS FROM BLI TO REO TO BTY TO DAG TO SBA TO 120W FOT TO 120W TOU TO BLI OCNL MOD TURB BTWN FL180 AND FL400 DUE TO WNDSHR ASSOCD WITH JTSTR. CONDS CONTG BYD 20Z THRU 02Z. EXAMPLE. Example of AIRMET Zulu issued for the San Francisco FA area: SFOZ WA 121345 AIRMET ZULU UPDT 2 FOR ICE AND FRZLVL VALID UNTIL 122000. AIRMET ICE...WA OR ID MT NV UT FROM YQL TO SLC TO WMC TO LKV TO PDT TO YDC TO YQL LGT OCNL MOD RIME/MXD ICGICIP BTWN FRZLVL AND FL220. FRZLVL 080.120. CONDS CONTG BYD 20Z THRU 02Z. AIRMET ICE...WA OR FROM YDC TO PDT TO LKV TO 80W MFR TO ONP TO TOU TO YDC LGT OCNL MOD RIME/MXD ICGICIP BTWN FRZLVL AND FL180. FRZLVL 060.080. CONDS CONTG BYD 20Z THRU 02Z. FRZLVL...WA...060 CSTLN SLPG 100 XTRM E. OR...060.070 CASCDS WWD. 070.095 RMNDR. NRN CA...060.100 N OF A 30N FOT.40N RNO LN SLPG 100.110 RMNDR. g. Severe Weather Watch Bulletins (WWs) and Alert Messages (AWWs)1.WWs define areas of possible severe thunderstorms or tornado activity. The bulletins are issued by the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) in Norman, OK. WWs are unscheduled and are issued as required. 2.A severe thunderstorm watch describes areas of expected severe thunderstorms. (Severe thunder-storm criteria are 3/4.inch hail or larger and/or wind gusts of 50 knots [58 mph] or greater.)3.A tornado watch describes areas where the threat of tornadoes exists. 4.In order to alert the WFOs, CWSUs, FSSs, and other users, a preliminary notification of a watch called the Alert Severe Weather Watch bulletin (AWW) is sent before the WW. (WFOs know this product as a SAW). EXAMPLE. Example of an AWW: MKC AWW 011734 WW 75 TORNADO TX OK AR 011800Z.020000Z AXIS..80 STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE..60ESE DAL/DALLAS TX/ . 30 NW ARG/ WALNUT RIDGE AR/ ..AVIATION COORDS.. 70NM E/W /58W GGG . 25NW ARG/ Meteorology 7.1.17 HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT..1 3/4 INCHES. WIND GUSTS..70 KNOTS. MAX TOPS TO 450. MEAN WIND VECTOR 24045. 5. Soon after the AWW goes out, the actual watch bulletin itself is issued. A WW is in the following format: (a)Type of severe weather watch, watch area, valid time period, type of severe weather possible, watch axis, meaning of a watch, and a statement that persons should be on the lookout for severe weather. (b)Other watch information; i.e., references to previous watches. (c)Phenomena, intensities, hail size, wind speed (knots), maximum cumulonimbus (CB) tops, and estimated cell movement (mean wind vector). (d) Cause of severe weather. (e)Information on updating Convective Outlook (AC) products. EXAMPLE. Example of a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tatus reports are issued as needed to show progress of storms and to delineate areas no longer under the threat of severe storm activity. Cancellation bulletins are issued when it becomes evident that no severe weather will develop or that storms have subsided and are no longer severe. 7.When tornadoes or severe thunderstorms have developed, the local WFO office will issue the warnings covering those areas. h. Center Weather Advisories (CWAs)1. CWAs are unscheduled inflight, flow control, air traffic, and air crew advisory. By nature of its short lead time, the CWA is not a flight planning product. It is generally a nowcast for conditions beginning within the next two hours. CWAs will be issued: |
