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直升機(jī)飛行手冊 Helicopter Flying Handbook

時間：2014-11-09 12:30來源：FAA 作者：直升機(jī)翻譯 點擊：次

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Span. The dimension of a rotor blade or airfoil from root to tip.
Split needles. A term used to describe the position of the two needles on the engine/rotor tachometer when the two needles are not superimposed.
Standard atmosphere. A hypothetical atmosphere based on averages in which the surface temperature is 59 °F (15 °C), the surface pressure is 29.92 "Hg (1013.2 Mb) at sea level, and the temperature lapse rate is approximately 3.5 °F (2 °C) per 1,000 feet.
Static stop. A device used to limit the blade flap, or rotor flap, at low rpm or when the rotor is stopped.
Steady-state flight. The type of flight experienced when a helicopter is in straight-and-level, unaccelerated flight, and all forces are in balance.
Symmetrical airfoil. An airfoil having the same shape on the top and bottom.
Tail rotor. A rotor turning in a plane perpendicular to that of the main rotor and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fuselage. It is used to control the torque of the main rotor and to provide movement about the yaw axis of the helicopter.
Teetering hinge. A hinge that permits the rotor blades of a semirigid rotor system to flap as a unit.
Thrust. The force developed by the rotor blades acting parallel to the relative wind and opposing the forces of drag and weight.
Tip-path plane. The imaginary circular plane outlined by the rotor blade tips as they make a cycle of rotation.
Torque. In helicopters with a single, main rotor system, the tendency of the helicopter to turn in the opposite direction of the main rotor rotation.
Trailing edge. The rearmost edge of an airfoil.
Translating tendency. The tendency of the single-rotor helicopter to move laterally during hovering flight. Also called tail rotor drift.
Translational lift. The additional lift obtained when entering forward flight, due to the increased efficiency of the rotor system.
Transverse-flow effect. The condition of increased drag and decreased lift in the aft portion of the rotor disk caused by the air having a greater induced velocity and angle in the aft portion of the disk.
True altitude. The actual height of an object above mean sea level.
Turboshaft engine. A turbine engine transmitting power through a shaft as would be found in a turbine helicopter.
Twist grip. The power control on the end of the collective control.
Underslung. A rotor hub that rotates below the top of the mast, as on semirigid rotor systems.
Unloaded rotor. The state of a rotor when rotor force has been removed, or when the rotor is operating under a low or negative G condition.
Useful load. The difference between the gross weight and the basic empty weight. It includes the flight crew, usable fuel, drainable oil, if applicable, and payload.
Variation. The angular difference between true north and magnetic north; indicated on charts by isogonic lines.
Vertical vibration. A vibration in which the movement is up and down, or vertical, as in an out-of-track condition.
Vortex ring state. A transient condition of downward flight (descending through air after just previously being accelerated downward by the rotor) during which an appreciable portion of the main rotor system is being forced to operate at angles of attack above maximum. Blade stall starts near the hub and progresses outward as the rate of descent increases.
Weight. One of the four main forces acting on a helicopter. Equivalent to the actual weight of the helicopter. It acts downward toward the center of the earth.
Yaw. The movement of a helicopter about its vertical axis.
G-6
A
Abnormal vibrations
Accessory gearbox
Advancing blade
Aeronautical decision-making (ADM)
After landing and securing
Aircraft servicing
Airflow
horizontal part
in forward flight
vertical part
Airfoil
nonsymmetrical airfoil (cambered)
symmetrical airfoil
Airframe

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